1. Controlling Exposure: A Question of Balance
Exposure is one of the most fundamental elements in photography. Good exposure settings produce well-lit images, with detail in both dark and bright areas.
Tips for good exposure :
The exposure triangle rule: Exposure depends on three main settings: aperture (f/stop), shutter speed and ISO sensitivity. The balance between these three elements is essential for good exposure.
Aperture: A large aperture (e.g. f/1.4) lets in more light and creates a pleasing background blur. A small aperture (e.g. f/16) reduces the amount of light but increases depth of field.
Shutter speed: Use a slower shutter speed (e.g. 1/30) to capture moving scenes, and a faster speed (e.g. 1/1000) to freeze the action.
ISO: Increasing ISO allows you to shoot in low-light conditions, but beware of digital noise.
Tip: For perfectly exposed photos, use your camera’s histogram to check that you don’t have too many overexposed or underexposed areas.
Example of a useful tool :
Nikon’s exposure calculator to better understand and adjust your exposure settings.
2. The Rule of Thirds: Harmonious Composition
Composition is essential to draw attention to your subject and create visually balanced images. The rule of thirds is one of the simplest and most effective rules of composition.
How to apply the rule of thirds :
Divide your frame into nine equal sections, using two imaginary horizontal and two imaginary vertical lines.
Place important elements of the scene along these lines or at their intersections. This creates a natural balance and guides the viewer’s eye through the image.
This rule works particularly well for landscapes, portraits and action scenes.
Tip: Use the grid on your camera screen or in the viewfinder to help you position your subject according to the rule of thirds.
Example of a useful tool :
Nikon and Canon offer composition grids in their camera menus to guide you in real time.
3. Symmetry and Guiding Lines: Creating Depth
Guiding lines and symmetry can make your photos more dynamic and add depth to your compositions.
Use the guidelines :
Look for natural lines, such as roads, paths, buildings or rivers, that lead the viewer’s gaze to a focal point.
These lines can be horizontal, vertical or diagonal. They lead the eye fluidly through the scene and add structure to the composition.
Playing with symmetry :
Symmetry creates a sense of stability and harmony. It’s particularly effective in landscapes, architecture and product photography.
You can also capture symmetrical reflections in the water to add depth and visual interest to your images.
Tip: When photographing landscapes or architecture, look for natural or man-made elements that form parallel lines to draw attention to your main subject.
Example of a useful tool :
Wide-angle lenses, like those from Canon or Nikon, allow you to make the most of leading lines in your compositions.
4. Playing with Depth of Field: Selective Focus
Depth of field refers to the area of the image that appears sharp. By adjusting this aspect, you can highlight your subject and create more impactful images.
How to control depth of field :
Wide aperture (f/1.4 – f/2.8): Used to create background blur (bokeh), ideal for isolating the subject, especially in portrait or macro photography.
Small aperture (f/8 – f/16): A large depth of field that keeps the entire scene sharp, ideal for landscapes and architecture.
Tip: Use a large aperture to highlight a single element in your scene (such as a human subject), or a small aperture to capture a clean scene from foreground to background.
Example of useful equipment:
Wide-aperture lenses like the Canon 50mm f/1.8 or Sigma 35mm f/1.4.
5. Harnessing the Light: The Key to Success
Light is undoubtedly the most important factor in photography. Knowing how to use available light, whether natural or artificial, can transform your photos.
Tips for using light :
Photographing during the golden hour: Early morning or late afternoon, when the light is soft and warm, offers wonderful opportunities for portraits or landscapes.
Use a reflector: If you’re shooting outdoors and have harsh shadows, a reflector can soften the light on your subject.
Use side light: Light coming from the side accentuates textures and creates interesting shadows that add dimension to your photos.
Tip: Pay attention to light direction and intensity. If the light is too harsh, look for natural shadows or use a diffuser.
Example of useful equipment:
Light reflector: the Godox 5-in-1 is a versatile tool for softening or redirecting light during outdoor sessions.
6. Experimenting with Color and Contrast
Color is a powerful compositional tool. Using complementary or contrasting color palettes can bring a strong visual impact to your images.
Tips for playing with color and contrast:
Color complements: Use opposite colors on the color wheel for vivid contrast, e.g. blue and orange.
Contrast: The contrast between light and dark colors can create a striking effect. Use it to draw attention to a specific part of the photo.
Sober colors: If you prefer a more minimalist style, opt for neutral tones (gray, white, black) and focus on texture and form.
Tip: Use the white balance settings on your camera to adjust hues and play with color moods.
Example of a useful tool :
Adobe Color to create harmonious color palettes from your photos.
Conclusion: Create memorable images
Understanding the interaction between exposure, composition, light and color is essential to improving your photographic compositions and settings. By experimenting with these tips, you’ll be able to create images that are more striking, aesthetically balanced and technically mastered. Whether you’re a beginner or an experienced photographer, these tips will help you progress and capture unique moments.
Useful links for further information :